Aurum Journal of Social Sciences

AURUM Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) is an international, peer-reviewed social science journal published biannually in June and December, accepting manuscripts both in English and Turkish. AURUM JSS welcomes contributions in, but not limited to, the disciplines of international relations, political science and public administration, economy, business administration, law, sociology, psychology, and fine arts. The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for critical scholarship across the social sciences, for theoretical debates and empirical analyses that move away from narrow disciplinary focus. AURUM JSS strongly encourages interdisciplinary and comparative research.

AURUM JSS publishes original research articles, book reviews and review articles that reflect the diversity of the journal’s scope. The journal also invites guest editors for special issues. Each submission goes through a double-blind review process. AURUM JSS policy is that published articles make original and strong theoretical and/or empirical contributions in their scholarly fields.

AURUM Journal of Social Sciences is indexed in a number of national and international databases such as IdealOnline, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, Neliti, Directory of Research Journals Indexing (DRJI), ResearchBib (Academic Resource Index) and Index Copernicus, Asos Index, CiteFactor, ProQuest Central, ProQuest Turkey Database, Rootindex, International Institute of Organized Research (I2OR), Infobase index, Biblioteca IBT-CCG UNAM, Eurasian Scientific Journal Index (ESJI), SOBIAD.

AUTHOR GUIDELINES

(Author Guidelines for AURUM Journal of Social Sciences have been revised as of Summer 2021 Issue)

Word Limit
AURUM JSS accepts the following formats and limits:
• Research articles of 8-10,000 words (including abstract, notes and references) that adhere to our format, aims and scope.
• Book reviews of approximately 1,000 words.
• Review articles of 2,000-2,500 words.

Formatting the manuscript
Manuscripts should be submitted in Times New Roman size 12. The main text and footnotes should both be double-spaced and left-aligned. AURUM JSS uses both footnotes and a reference list. It is not the responsibility of the editors to convert your citation style. If you do not follow these guidelines you will be asked to reformat your paper prior to editing and this may cause publication delays.
Biographical statement


STYLE GUIDELINES

AURUM JSS uses APA formatting and style.

TITLES

Titles should be provided both in Turkish and English.

HEADINGS

There are 5 heading levels in APA. Regardless of the number of levels, always use the headings in order, beginning with level 1. The format of each level is illustrated below:

IN-TEXT CITATION

A Work by One Author

Jones (2008) suggests that ….

(Jones, 2008)

A Work by Two Authors

Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) supports...

(Wegener & Petty, 1994)

A Work by Three or More Authors

(Kernis et al., 1993)
Kernis et al. (1993) suggest...

In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Only "al" should be followed by a period.
If you’re citing multiple works with similar groups of authors, and the shortened “et al” citation form of each source would be the same, you’ll need to avoid ambiguity by writing out more names. If you cited works with these authors:
Jones, Smith, Liu, Huang, and Kim (2020)
Jones, Smith, Ruiz, Wang, and Stanton (2020)
They would be cited in-text as follows to avoid ambiguity:
(Jones, Smith, Liu, et al., 2020)
(Jones, Smith, Ruiz, et al., 2020)
Since et al. is plural, it should always be a substitute for more than one name. In the case that et al. would stand in for just one author, write the author’s name instead.

Unknown Author
If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. APA style calls for capitalizing important words in titles when they are written in the text (but not when they are written in reference lists).

A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using Citations," 2001).

Organization as an Author
According to the American Psychological Association (2000),...

First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000)
Second citation: (MADD, 2000)

Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses
(Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983)
(Smith, n.d., 1995, 2002, in press)

REFERENCE LIST

BOOKS

Single Author            
Last name first, followed by author initials.
Ahmed, S. (2012). On being included: Racism and diversity in institutional life. Duke University Press.

Two Authors
List by their last names and initials. Separate author names with a comma. Use the ampersand instead of "and."

Soto, C. J., & John, O. P. (2017). The next big five inventory (BFI-2): Developing and assessing a hierarchical model with 15 facets to enhance bandwidth, fidelity, and predictive power. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(1), 117-143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000096

Three to Twenty Authors
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand.

Nguyen, T., Carnevale, J. J., Scholer, A. A., Miele, D. B., & Fujita, K. (2019). Metamotivational knowledge of the role of high-level and low-level construal in goal-relevant task performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 117(5), 879-899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000166

More Than Twenty Authors
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names. After the first 19 authors’ names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author's name (do not place an ampersand before it). There should be no more than twenty names in the citation in total.

Pegion, K., Kirtman, B. P., Becker, E., Collins, D. C., LaJoie, E., Burgman, R., Bell, R., DelSole, R., Min, D., Zhu, Y., Li, W., Sinsky, E., Guan, H., Gottschalck, J., Metzger, E. J., Barton, N. P., Achuthavarier, D., Marshak, J., Koster, R., . . . Kim, H. (2019). The subseasonal experiment (SubX): A multimodel subseasonal prediction experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 100(10), 2043-2061. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0270.1

Group Author

Merriam-Webster. (2008). Braggadocio. In Merriam-Webster’s Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.
When a work has multiple layers of group authorship (e.g. The Office of the Historian, which is a part of the Department of State, publishes something), list the most specific agency as the author and the parent agency as the publisher.
Bureau of International Organization Affairs. (2018). U.S. contributions to international organizations, 2017 [Annual report]. U.S. Department of State. https://www.state.gov/u-s-contributions-to-international-organizations/

Unknown Author
When the work does not have an author move the title of the work to the beginning of the references and follow with the date of publication.

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2003). Merriam-Webster.

Two or More Works by the Same Author
Use the author's name for all entries and list the entries by the year (earliest comes first). List references with no dates before references with dates.
Urcuioli, P. J. (n.d.).
Urcuioli, P. J. (2011).
Urcuioli, P. J. (2015).

Edited Book with an Author or Authors
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (E. Editor, Ed.). Publisher. DOI (if available)
Malory, T. (2017). Le morte darthur (P. J. C. Field, Ed.). D. S. Brewer. (Original work published 1469-70)

A Translation
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (T. Translator, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published YEAR) DOI (if available)
Plato (1989). Symposium (A. Nehamas & P. Woodruff, Trans.). Hackett Publishing Company. (Original work published ca. 385-378 BCE)

Edition Other Than the First
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (# edition). Publisher. DOI (if available)
Belcher, W. (2019). Writing your journal article in twelve weeks: A guide to academic publishing success (2nd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle (pp. pages of chapter). Publisher. DOI (if available)


ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS

Article in Print Journal
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5–13.
Note: APA 7 advises writers to include a DOI (if available), even when using the print source. The example above assumes no DOI is available.

Article in Electronic Journal
As noted above, when citing an article in an electronic journal, include a DOI if one is associated with the article.

Baniya, S., & Weech, S. (2019). Data and experience design: Negotiating community-oriented digital research with service-learning. Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement, 6(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5703/1288284316979

Denny, H., Nordlof, J., & Salem, L. (2018). "Tell me exactly what it was that I was doing that was so bad": Understanding the needs and expectations of working-class students in writing centers. Writing Center Journal, 37(1), 67–98. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26537363

Article in a Magazine
Peterzell, J. (1990, April). Better late than never. Time, 135(17), 20–21.

Article in a Newspaper
Schultz, S. (2005, December). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies. The Country Today, 1A, 2A.

Review
Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book The self-knower: A hero under control, by R. A. Wicklund & M. Eckert]. Contemporary Psychology, 38(5), 466–467.

OTHER PRINT SOURCES

Entry in a Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with a Group Author

Institution or organization name. (Year). Title of entry. In Title of reference work (edition, page numbers). Publisher name.

Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. (1997). Goat. In Merriam Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed., pp. 499-500). Merriam-Webster, Incorporated.

Entry in a Dictionary, Thesaurus, or Encyclopedia with an Individual Author

Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of entry. In F. M. Lastname (ed.), Title of reference work (edition, page numbers). Publisher.
Tatum, S. R. (2009). Spirituality and religion in hip hop literature and culture. In T. L. Stanley (ed.), Encyclopedia of hip hop literature (pp. 250-252). Greenwood.

Work Discussed in a Secondary Source
Provide the source in which the original work was referenced:
Nail, T. (2017). What is an assemblage? SubStance, 46(1), 21-37. http://sub.uwpress.org/lookup/doi/10.3368/ss.46.1.21


Dissertation or Master’s Thesis, Published
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis (Publication No.) [Doctoral dissertation/Master’s thesis, Name of Institution Awarding the Degree]. Database or Archive Name.
Angeli, E. L. (2012). Networks of communication in emergency medical services(Publication No. 3544643) [Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.

Dissertation or Master’s Thesis, Unpublished
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of dissertation/thesis [Unpublished doctoral dissertation/master’s thesis]. Name of Institution Awarding the Degree.

Samson, J. M. (2016). Human trafficking and globalization [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.

Federal or State Statute
Name of Act, Public Law No. (Year). URL
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Publ. L. No. 111-148, 124 Stat. 119 (2010). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-111publ148/pdf/PLAW-111publ148.pdf

Report by a Government Agency or Other Organization

Organization Name. (Year). Title of report. URL
United States Government Accountability Office. (2019). Performance and accountability report: Fiscal year 2019. https://www.gao.gov/assets/710/702715.pdf

Report by Individual Authors at Government Agency or Other Organization
Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of report. Organization Name. URL
Palanker, D., Volk, J., Lucia, K., & Thomas, K. (2018). Mental health parity at risk: Deregulating the individual market and the impact on mental health coverage. National Alliance on Mental Illness. https://www.nami.org/About-NAMI/Publications-Reports/Public-Policy-Reports/Parity-at-Risk/ParityatRisk.pdf

Conference Proceedings
The 7th edition of the APA manual does not provide guidance on citing conference proceedings. Therefore, this citation models that of an edited collection, which is similar in format.
Lastname, F. M., & Lastname, F. M. (Eds.). (Year). Title of Proceedings. Publisher. URL (if applicable)
Huang, S., Pierce, R., & Stamey, J. (Eds.). (2006). Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM international conference on the design of communication. ACM Digital Library. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1166324&picked=prox

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

Webpage or Piece of Online Content
If the page names an individual author, cite their name first:
Lastname, F. M. (Year, Month Date). Title of page. Site name. URL
Price, D. (2018, March 23). Laziness does not exist. Medium. https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01

Quotations and Citations
a. Formatting Quotations
For quoted material of less than three lines or ~40 words, AURUM JSS uses double quotes. Quotes within quotes are enclosed in single quotation marks. The footnote number comes after the closed quotation marks.
La Baronne Durand De Fontmagne, who lived in Istanbul during and after the Crimean War, writes that “Turks adore children and when they do not have their own, they willingly adopt an ‘enfant l’âme'.”³³
For quoted material of more than three lines or ~40 words, format it as a block quote inset by a tab space without any quotation marks. Quotes within block quotes are enclosed in double quotation marks. The footnote number comes after the period in the final sentence.

b. Footnotes

Footnotes should be used only where substantive information is conveyed to the reader. Literature references should normally not necessitate separate notes (see the section on References). However, non-standard references (e.g. to press conferences, political statements, hearings, interviews, etc.) are best provided as notes.

Figures
a. Images: Digital files of images should be of the maximum size and resolution possible, with a minimum resolution of 200 dpi, and are to be provided as separate files. Authors are responsible for acquiring their own image permissions.
b. Graphs, Charts, Tables: Graphs, charts and tables are to be provided in a separate, editable document (either word processor or spreadsheet). Authors are responsible for acquiring permission to use datasets and for the accuracy of the data they use.
c. Placement and captions: The preferred location of all figures should be indicated in the main text. A full caption and any source citation / permission should be provided beneath the location of each figure.
        
                   TABLE 1 ABOUT HERE

                    Table 1. Students Sent to Paris from Istanbul Industrial School (1870–1872)
                    Source: Table is prepared based on the data provided by Şişman, Tanzimat Döneminde Fransa’ya Gönderilen Osmanlı Öğrencileri (1839–1876), 93–158.

                    FIG 1 ABOUT HERE
                    Figure 1. Maternity Ward (Viladethane) of Darülaceze.
                    Source: Unknown photographer, İstanbul Üniversitesi Kütüphane ve Dokümantasyon Daire Başkanlığı, Fotoğraf Albümler Dizini, 779-39-0023.

AURUM Journal of Social Sciences

Editorial Policies and Ethical Guidelines

AURUM Journal of Social Sciences (JSS) adheres to rigorous publishing ethics involving authors, editors as well as reviewers. Its editorial policies and ethical guidelines aim to maintain the integrity of the whole publication process.

Peer Review Statement

All research articles in AURUM Journal of Social Sciences undergo rigorous peer review, based on initial editor screening and anonymized refereeing by two anonymous referees. All correspondence between the editorial office, authors and reviewers is considered private and confidential.

Ethical guidelines for journal editors
The editors of AURUM JSS are committed to adhere to the following policies and ethical guidelines:
• The editors of AURUM JSS give unbiased consideration to each manuscript submitted for publication. They judge each on its merits, without regard to race, religion, nationality, sex, seniority, or institutional affiliation of the author(s).
• They keep the peer-review process entirely confidential, and do not share information about a manuscript with anyone outside of the peer-review process.
• If a journal editor receives a credible allegation of misconduct by an author, reviewer, or journal editor, then s/he has a duty to investigate the matter further.
• The editors of AURUM JSS may reject a manuscript without formal peer review if it fails to comply with the ethical standards of the journal and outside its scope.
• They are responsible for processing submissions in due time.
• The editors need to decline considering any manuscript that may have conflict of interest with themselves. Such manuscripts will be re-assigned to another editor.
• If a journal editor receives convincing evidence that the main substance or conclusions of an article published in the journal are incorrect, then, in consultation with the editorial board, s/he ensures the publication of an appropriate note of correction.

Ethical guidelines for authors

AURUM JSS expects all authors to adhere to the following ethical standards:

• Each author is expected to have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or have drafted the work or substantively revised it.
• Authors must avoid gift (guest) authorship where someone is added to the list of authors who has not been involved in writing the paper; and ghost authorship where someone has been involved in writing the paper but is not included in the list of authors.
• Prior to submission, the authorship list and order must be agreed between all authors, and they must also agree on who will take on the role of corresponding author. It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to reach consensus with all co-authors regarding all aspects of the article including the authorship order and to ensure all correct affiliations have been listed.
• Individuals who participated in the development of a manuscript but do not qualify as an author should be acknowledged. Organizations that provided support in terms of funding and/or other resources should also be acknowledged.
• Authors must ensure submitted manuscripts are the original works of the author(s). AURUM considers plagiarism a serious offense and is committed to eliminating manuscripts with possible cases of plagiarism from its review and publication process. The editors use plagiarism detection software to check each manuscript for possible cases of plagiarism.
Manuscripts that are found to contain unacceptable level of similarity with other published works are immediately rejected.
• Authors must avoid duplicate submissions. They must ensure the submitted manuscript is not under consideration by another journal. Duplicate submission also includes the submission of the same/similar manuscript in different languages to different journals.
• Authors should include only relevant citations. Inclusion of citations that are not relevant to the work is strongly discouraged. Similarly, irrelevant self-citation to increase one’s citation is unethical.
• Authors should disclose all financial/relevant interest that may have influenced the development of the manuscript.
• According to TR Index Criteria, The Statement on the Contribution of the Researchers; The Statement on Support and Acknowledgement, if there is any; and The Statement on Conflict should be indicated.

Ethical guidelines for reviewers

AURUM JSS expects all peer reviewers to follow the code of conduct and ethical guidelines below:

• Each submission in AURUM JSS goes through a double blind review process.
• Before accepting to review a manuscript, reviewers should ensure that the manuscript is within their area of expertise.
• Reviewers must give unbiased consideration to each manuscript submitted. They should judge each on its merits, without regard to race, religion, nationality, sex, seniority, or institutional affiliation of the author(s).
• They must declare any conflict of interest before agreeing to review a manuscript. This includes any relationship with the author that may bias their review.
• Reviewers must keep the peer review process confidential. They must not share information or correspondence about a manuscript with anyone outside of the peer review process.
• Reviewers need to provide a constructive, evidence based, and appropriately substantial peer review report.
• Reviewers must avoid making statements in their report which might be deemed as impugning any person’s reputation.
• Reviewers need to submit their report on time and should inform the editor if this is not possible.
• Reviewers should call to the journal editor’s attention any significant similarity between the manuscript under consideration and any published paper or submitted manuscripts of which they are aware.
• They must not use information obtained during the peer-review process for their own or any other person’s or organization’s advantage, or to disadvantage or discredit others.


Ethics approval
According to ULAKBİM TR Index Criteria, an ethics committee approval must be obtained for research conducted in all disciplines since 2020. The research which require an ethics committee approval are listed below:

• All kinds of research which are conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using questionnaires, interviews, focus group, observation, experimentation, interview techniques,
• Using humans and animals (including material / data) for experimental or other scientific purposes,
• Clinical research conducted on humans,
• Research conducted on animals,
• Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data.

A report prepared for studies requiring ethic committee approval must include the name of the ethics committee and if it is available the reference number. If a study has been granted an exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the name of the ethics committee that granted the exemption). Manuscripts, which are detected that the research has not been carried out within an appropriate ethical framework, are not published in AURUM JSS. If your study does not require ethics committee approval, you must sign the declaration form indicating the relevant reasons for your manuscript.

Article submission, processing and publication for the AURUM Journal of Social Sciences is free of charge.